Which physiological change is important to know when caring for elderly patients?

Decreased renal function and slower metabolism are significant physiological changes that occur in elderly patients, making this the correct choice. As individuals age, the kidneys often experience a decline in their ability to filter blood and excrete waste, which can lead to the accumulation of drugs and toxins in the body. This decreased renal function means that medication dosages may need to be adjusted to prevent toxicity.

Additionally, slower metabolism can impact how the body processes nutrients and medications, further complicating care. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize these changes to manage medications effectively and monitor patients for any adverse effects properly.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect common physiological changes in elderly individuals. For example, skin elasticity typically decreases with age due to the loss of collagen and moisture. Cognitive function can decline rather than enhance, and joint flexibility often deteriorates with age, leading to stiffness and discomfort. Understanding the realities of these physiological changes is essential for providing appropriate and effective care to the elderly.