What does the term "differential diagnosis" mean?

The term "differential diagnosis" refers to the process of distinguishing a particular condition from others that may present with similar symptoms. This is a crucial aspect of clinical practice, as many diseases and conditions can have overlapping features. By carefully analyzing the patient's symptoms, medical history, and sometimes conducting further tests, healthcare providers can narrow down the list of possible diagnoses to arrive at the most accurate one. This process helps ensure that the patient receives the appropriate treatment for their specific condition, rather than another that may appear similar but requires a different approach.

For instance, if a patient presents with abdominal pain, a differential diagnosis might consider conditions such as appendicitis, pancreatitis, or a gastrointestinal obstruction. Each of these conditions has distinct causes and treatment protocols, making accurate diagnosis essential. Thus, understanding differential diagnosis is fundamental to providing effective and safe patient care.